❶ ph鍊兼庝箞綆
ph鍊兼庝箞綆
甯哥敤H+嫻撳害鏉ヨ〃紺烘憾娑茬殑閰哥⒈鎬,褰揫H+]灝忎簬1mol路L-1鏃,涓轟簡浣跨敤鏂逛究,甯哥敤姘㈢誨瓙嫻撳害鐨勮礋瀵筨ai鏁,鍗-lg[H+]鏉ヨ〃紺烘憾娑茬殑閰稿害,騫剁О涓簆H,鍗硃H= -lg[H+].
浠諱綍鐗╄川鐨勬按婧舵恫涓璠H+]路[OH-]=Kw,瀹ゆ俯鏃禟w=1脳10-14.綰姘翠腑[H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol路L-1,鍒檖H= -lg[H+]=7.鍦ㄥ叾浠栦腑鎬ф憾娑蹭腑[H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol路L-1,pH涔熶負7錛涢吀鎬ф憾娑蹭腑[H+]錛瀃OH-],鍏秔H錛7錛涚⒈鎬ф憾娑蹭腑[H+]錛淸OH-],鍏秔H錛7.姘㈡哀紱誨瓙嫻撳害鐨勮礋瀵規暟涔熷彲琛ㄧず涓簆OH,鍒欐憾娑茬殑pH + pOH = 14,pH=14 - pOH.璁＄畻婧舵恫鐨刾H鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬姝ｇ『奼傚嚭鍚勭嶆憾娑茬殑[H+],鍏蜂綋璁＄畻濡備笅錛
渚1 璁＄畻0.01mol路L-1鐩愰吀婧舵恫鐨刾H.
瑙 鐩愰吀鏄寮虹數瑙ｈ川,鍦ㄦ按涓鍏ㄩ儴鐢電籟H+]=0.01mol路L-1pH=-lg[H+]=-lg 0.01=2
絳 璇ユ憾娑茬殑pH涓2.
渚2 璁＄畻c=0.1mol路L-1閱嬮吀婧舵恫錛堢數紱誨害偽=1.34錛咃級鐨刾H.
瑙 閱嬮吀鏄寮辯數瑙ｈ川鍦ㄦ按涓閮ㄥ垎鐢電
[H+]=偽路C=1.34錛吤0.1
=1.34脳10-3錛坢ol路L-1錛
pH= -lg[H+]=-lg 1.34脳10-3=2.87
絳 璇ユ憾娑茬殑pH涓2.87.
渚3 璁＄畻c錛圢aOH錛=0.1mol路L-1姘㈡哀鍖栭挔婧舵恫鐨刾H.
瑙 NaOH涓哄己鐢佃В璐ㄥ湪姘翠腑鍏ㄩ儴鐢電
[OH-]=0.1mol路L-1
pH= -lg[H+]=-lg10-13=13
鍙︿竴綆楁硶錛
pH=14-pOH=14-錛-lg[OH-]錛=14-1=13
絳 璇ユ阿姘у寲閽犳憾娑茬殑pH涓13.
渚4 鏌愭憾娑茬殑pH=5奼傝ユ憾娑茬殑H+鍜孫H-鐨勬祿搴.
瑙 pH=5=-lg[H+] [H+]=10-5錛坢ol路L-1錛
絳 璇ユ憾娑茬殑H+嫻撳害涓10-5mol路L-1,OH-鐨勬祿搴︿負10-9mol路L-1
pH鐨勮＄畻涔嬩簩
1錛庣畝鍗曢吀紕辨憾娑茬殑pH
鐢眕H= -lg[H+],鍙瑕佹眰寰梉H+]鍗沖彲.
錛1錛変竴鍏寮洪吀錛歔H+]=C閰 浜屽厓寮洪吀錛歔H+]=2C閰
寮遍吀錛歔H+]=C偽,鍐嶆眰pH.
錛2錛変竴鍏冨己紕盵OH-]=C紕,浜屽厓寮虹⒈錛歔OH-]=2C紕,
2錛庡己閰,寮虹⒈鐨勭█閲
錛1錛夊己閰哥█閲婅繃紼媝H澧炲ぇ,鍙鍏堟眰紼閲婂悗婧舵恫鐨刐H+],鍐嶆眰pH.
錛2錛夊己紕辯█閲婂悗pH鍑忓皬,搴斿厛奼傜█閲婂悗,婧舵恫涓鐨刐OH-],鍐嶆眰[H+],鎵嶈兘奼傚緱pH.
錛3錛夋瀬紼婧舵恫搴旇冭檻姘寸殑鐢電.
閰告憾娑瞤H涓嶅彲鑳藉ぇ浜7,紕辨憾娑瞤H涓嶅彲鑳藉皬浜7.
3錛庡己閰搞佸己紕辨憾娑茬殑娣峰悎
絳変綋縐娣峰悎鏃訛細
鑻pH鐩稿樊2涓鍗曚綅浠ヤ笂鈥減H娣=pH灝+0.3鈥
鑻pH鐩稿樊1涓鍗曚綅鈥減H娣=pH灝+0.26鈥
錛2錛変袱寮虹⒈娣峰悎錛
絳変綋縐娣峰悎鏃訛細
鑻pH鐩稿樊2涓鍗曚綅浠ヤ笂鈥減H娣=pH澶-0.3鈥
鑻pH鐩稿樊1涓鍗曚綅鈥減H娣=pH澶-0.26鈥
錛3錛夊己閰搞佸己紕辨憾娑叉販鍚堬細
鑻ユ伆濂戒腑鍜,婧舵恫pH=7.
鍐嶆眰[H+]娣,鍐嶆眰pH.
❷ ph璁＄畻鐨勫洓涓鍏寮忔槸浠涔堬紵
ph璁＄畻鐨勫洓涓鍏寮忓備笅錛
錛1錛塸H= -lg[H+]錛沎H+]=10-pH銆
錛2錛塸OH= -lg[OH-]錛沎OH-]=10-pOH銆
錛3錛塊W=[H+]路[OH-]=1脳10-14銆
錛4錛塸H+pOH=14銆
鐨鑲ゅpH鍊鍦4.2~6.0鑼冨洿鍐呯殑閰告х墿璐(紕辨х墿璐)涔熸湁鐩稿綋鐨勭紦鍐茶兘鍔涳紝琚縐頒負閰(紕)涓鍜屼綔鐢ㄣ
浜轟綋鐨鑲ょ殑濂戒笌鍧忥紝鍏朵富瑕佺殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬浜轟綋鐨鑲ゆ槸鍚﹀仴搴鳳紝鑰屾槸鍚﹀仴搴鳳紝鍒欏張浣撶幇浜庣毊鑲ょ殑紕變腑鍜岃兘鍔涖傜爺絀惰〃鏄庯紝浜哄湪涓嶅悓鏃舵湡鐨鑲ょ殑pH鍊煎父鍦4.5~6.5涔嬮棿鍙樺寲錛屼絾鍋跺皵涔熶細鏈変竴浜涜秴鍑鴻繖涓鑼冨洿鐨勩
濡傛灉鐨鑲pH鍊煎湪澶氭暟鏃舵湡澶勪簬5.0~5.6涔嬪栵紝鐨鑲ょ殑紕變腑鍜岃兘鍔涘氨浼氬噺寮憋紝鑲よ川灝變細鏀瑰彉錛屾渶緇堝艱嚧鐨鑲ょ殑琛拌佸拰鎹熷熾傛墍浠ワ紝澶氬幓閫夐厤鐩稿瑰簲鐨勬姢鑲ゅ搧錛屼嬌鐨鑲pH鍊間繚鎸佸湪5.0~5.6涔嬮棿錛岀毊鑲ゆ墠浼氬憟鐜板嚭鏈浣崇姸鎬併傚彲浠ラ夌敤甯歌佺殑PH璇曠焊嫻嬭瘯鏃ョ敤鍝佺殑pH鍊箋